Pharmaceutical Care Model Combining Face-to-Face and Social Media Interventions and Its Impact on Medication Adherence in Diabetes

Medication non-adherence and suboptimal pharmaceutical care are among the factors contributing to poor outcomes in diabetes mellitus treatment. The aims of this study were to develop a Hybrid Pharmacist Care for Diabetes Mellitus (HyPCare-DM) model and then evaluate its effect on medication adherence among diabetes mellitus patients. The study consisted of three phases. The first phase involved a survey of 455 diabetes mellitus patients at the Puskesmas to identify barriers to medication adherence, as well as a survey of 32 practicing pharmacists at the primary healthcare center to assess the implementation of pharmaceutical care for diabetes mellitus patients. The results from the first phase, along with a literature review, served as the foundation for model development. The second phase included a focus group discussion to assess pharmacists acceptability of the model, with participation from 9 pharmacists representing various institutions. In the third phase, a quasi-experimental study was conducted using a two-group pretest and posttest design over a two- month period. The pretest was conducted before the intervention, posttest I was done in the first month after the intervention, and posttest II was done in the second month after the intervention. The intervention group consisted of 45 diabetes mellitus patients, while the control group included 44 patients. The HyPCare-DM model is a pharmaceutical care model that implements the assessment and care plan phases face-to-face, while the evaluation and follow-up phases were conducted via the social media platform WhatsAp, arranged in a module, provided with training, and equipped with practical tools to practice. The implementation of the HyPCare-DM model significantly improved medication adherence among diabetes mellitus patients at the primary healthcare center (p<0,05). The HyPCare- DM model showed benefit in improving medication adherence. The HyPCare-DM model is recommended for use by pharmacists in managing diabetes mellitus patients at the primary healthcare center.

Keywords: The HyPCare-DM model, diabetes mellitus patient